· Second largest family of Dicot and 3rd largest in Angiosperm.
· Pulvinus (swallowing structure) or Swollen leaf base is common.
· Divided into 3 subfamilies.
· Pulvinus (swallowing structure) or Swollen leaf base is common.
· Divided into 3 subfamilies.
- Papilionaceae
- Caesalpinioideae
- Mimosaceae
1. Subfamily: Papilionaceae
· Nodulated roots are common.· Inflorescence – Raceme
· Flower – Zygomorphic (Papilionaceous)
· Calyx – Sepal (2 + 3), Gamosepalous, Ascending imbricate.
· Corolla – Polypetalous (1 + 2 + (2)), Descending imbricate (vaxillary)
· Androecium – Stamen 10, Di-adelphous {(9) + 1}
· Placentation – Marginal
· Fruit – Legumes or Pod.
· Floral Formula: Ebr. % ⚥ K2+3 C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1
Common Plants of the Papilionaceae family are:
· Pisum sativum (Pea)
· Vicia faba – Broad bean
· Glycine max – Soybean
· Arachis hypogea – Groundnut
· Lens esculentus – Lentil
· Butea monosperma – Flame of the forest
· Cajanus cajan – Pigeon pea
· Phaseolus aureus – Green gram
· Phaseolus mungo – Black gram
· Cicer arietinum - Gram or Chana
· Dalbergia sissoo
· Lathyrus odoratus
· Trigonella
· Pterocarpus santalinum (Red sandal wood)
· Vicia faba – Broad bean
· Glycine max – Soybean
· Arachis hypogea – Groundnut
· Lens esculentus – Lentil
· Butea monosperma – Flame of the forest
· Cajanus cajan – Pigeon pea
· Phaseolus aureus – Green gram
· Phaseolus mungo – Black gram
· Cicer arietinum - Gram or Chana
· Dalbergia sissoo
· Lathyrus odoratus
· Trigonella
· Pterocarpus santalinum (Red sandal wood)
2. Sub-family: Caesalpinioideae or Cassia family
· Root nodules - Absent· Inflorescence – Raceme
· Flower – Zygomorphic
· Corolla – Ascending imbricate, Polypetalous
· Stamen – 10, or more than 10, polyandrous, presence of staminodes (sterile stamen)
· Placentation – Marginal
· Fruit – Lomentum
· Floral Formula: Ebr or Br % ⚥ K5 C5 A3+4+3 G1
Common Plants of the Cassia family are:
· Saraca indica (Ashok Tree)
· Bauhinia variegata (Mountain ebony)
· Cassia fistula
· Delonix regia (Gulmohar)
· Haematoxylon
· (Remember: @ A, B, C, D, H)
· Tamarindus indica (Imili)
· Saraca indica (Ashok Tree)
· Bauhinia variegata (Mountain ebony)
· Cassia fistula
· Delonix regia (Gulmohar)
· Haematoxylon
· (Remember: @ A, B, C, D, H)
· Tamarindus indica (Imili)
3. Sub family - Mimosaceae or Acacia family
· Root nodules – Absent.· Inflorescence - Cyme.
· Flower – Actinomorphic
· Sepal 5 or 4, Gaemosepalous, Valvate aestivation
· Stamen – 4 or 10 or Polyandrous
· Placentation – Marginal
· Fruit – Lomentum
· Floral Formula: Ebr or Br ⊕ ⚥ K(5 or 4) C(5 or 4) A4 or 10 or more G1
Common Plants of Mimosaceae Family are:
· Acacia catechu (Khair)
· Mimosa pudica (Touch – me – not plant)
· Acacia nilotica
· A. concinna
· Albizia spp.
Common Plants of Mimosaceae Family are:
· Acacia catechu (Khair)
· Mimosa pudica (Touch – me – not plant)
· Acacia nilotica
· A. concinna
· Albizia spp.
High Yielding Points from TAXONOMY
1. Shapes of corolla:
a. Cruciform: cross(x) like corolla eg. Cruciferae
b. Tubular: tube-like eg. sunflower
c. Papilionaceous: butterfly shape eg. legumes
d. Bilabiate: 2 lipped eg. libiatae
e. Personate (masked): bilabiate corolla with a narrow opening
a. Cruciform: cross(x) like corolla eg. Cruciferae
b. Tubular: tube-like eg. sunflower
c. Papilionaceous: butterfly shape eg. legumes
d. Bilabiate: 2 lipped eg. libiatae
e. Personate (masked): bilabiate corolla with a narrow opening
2. Types of nomenclature:
a. Holotype: Specimen used by the author to confer scientific name to species
b. Isotype: Duplicate of holotype
c. Paratype: specimen cited with the original description other than holotype or isotype
d. Neotype: If the original specimen is lost it can be substituted by another specimen collected from the same locality
e. Lectotype: Specimen selected from the original material selected to serve as nomenclature type [@ HIPaNL]
3. Famous book ‘Species Plantarum’ was written by Carolus Linnaeus but ‘Genera Plantarum by Batham and Hooker
4. In the artificial system of classification, one or two characters are considered given by Carolus Linnaeus
5. In the natural system of classification, a large no. of traits are considered, given by Bantham and Hooker
6. Phylogenetic system of classification was given by A. Engler, Karl A. Prant and John Hutchinson.
Also, Read Notes of other Lessons of Botany: