Help For Entrance

The development of frog is divided into two phases: 1. Pre-natal or Embryonic development ·   It is the development that takes place inside the egg or inside the womb of the mother up to the gastrula stage from the zygote. 2. Post-natal or Organogenesis ·   In this period, development from the birth of an organism to death is studied or the formation of organs from three germinal layers. a. Breeding: ·  Breeding takes place during the rainy season, in water. ·  Male frog croaks (mating call) by staying at shallow water region at night time to attract females.  ·   Many female frogs attract towards a male frog and male frog mounts over a female frog. ·  This Sexual embracing condition is called  amplexus or pseudocopulation . ·   Then the females lay the eggs in water and the male also releases the sperms. b. Ovulation: ·  It is a process of release of secondary oocytes from the ovary to the body cavity. c. Spawning: ·  When the...

List of National Parks, Wild Life reserves, conservation areas, hunting reserves and buffer zones of Nepal. A. National Parks Name & Altitude Established (A.D) Area (Km 2 ) Flora Fauna Unique features Chitwan National Park (150 to 815 m) 1973 932 • Sal forests (70%), • Grasslands (20%), • Riverine (7%) • Sal with Chirpine (3%) • Mammals (50 sp.), birds (over 525), Amphibians and reptiles (55 sp.) • Endangered fauna - Rhino, Gaur, Bengal tiger, Wild elephant, Four-horned antelope, Pangolin, Golden monitor lizard, Python, Bengal florican, Lesser florican, Giant hornbill, Black stork, White stork • First national Park of Nepal • Included in a world heritage site in 1984 • Known for one-horned Rhinoceros Sagarmatha National Park (2845 to 8848 m) 1976 1148 • Pine, fir, juniper • Alpine plant communities • Red Panda, Snow-leopard, Himalayan Thar, Pika, Ghoral, Musk deer • Birds (over 118 sp.) including Danphe (national bird of ...

ANTIBIOTICS Introduction ·  Antibiotics are the chemical substances produced by or derived from microorganisms (bacteria or fungi), which kill or suppress the growth of other microorganisms at very low concentrations. ·  The first antibiotic, Penicillin was discovered by Eminent British Bacteriologist, Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 AD. ·  He was doing research on Staphylococcus (bacteria). One day, he saw some spores of mould growing in his laboratory. While throwing the moulds out of the window, one of the moulds landed on one of his Staphylococcus colonies. He observed that these bacteria were quickly destroyed. ·  He came to the conclusion that moulds had some characteristics that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus. The mould was identified as Penicillin notatum and the active substance was therefore named Penicillin. ·  But until 1941AD, Penicillin was not purified and used for clinical purposes. ·  Chloramphenicol is the first completely synthet...

·  Transplantation is defined as the removal of tissue or organ from one part of the body and transplanting it to another part of the body of the same person or another person of the same species or another individual of different species. ·  This process is usually applied to replace the injured or diseased tissues or organs with natural and artificial ones. ·  An organ or tissue thus transplanted is known as transplant or graft. ·  The person or a source from whom the organ or tissue is taken is called the donor and the person to whom it is transplanted is called the  recipient. ·  Hamberger was the first person to successfully carry out kidney transplantation in 1953 AD. ·   Christian Bernard performed the first successful heart transplantation in 1967 AD. (Cape Town, South Africa) Types of Transplantation ·  On the basis of the  relationship of donor and recipient, transplantation is classified into the following four types. ...