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Question tags are short addition to sentences, asking for agreement or confirmation. It will be of no sense without a preceding statement. Structure: Statement (S+ V+ O), aux + (n't) + pronoun? Or Statement (S+ V+ O), aux.+ pronoun + not? Example: a. I am a graduate student, aren't I/am I not? b. Karen plays the piano, does he not? doesn't he? An affirmative statement has a negative tag and a negative statement has a positive tag. However, the statement introduced by so has the same polarity tag (positive tag for positive statement & Neg. Tag for Neg. Statement) Example: So you're not going out today, aren't you? ⮚ The verb of the statement changes in the following ways: Statement Tags is isn't ......... ? is not is..........? am aren't I/am I not am not am I? was wasn't ..........? can can't..........? well/shall won't/shan't..........? have/has/had ...

A preposition is a word used with a noun or pronoun to show its correct relation to some other words in a sentence. The proper knowledge and use of appropriate prepositions are essential to writing and understanding the correct usage of the English language. ⮚ Place (in, on, under, over, near, beside, etc.) Your book is on the table. ⮚ Direction (to, toward, into, through, etc.) The football player ran through the stadium to the other end. ⮚ Time (in, on, at, etc.) We can meet at five o’clock. ⮚ Agent (by) This book was written by a famous author. ⮚ Instrument (by, with) I heard the news by television. (Communication) She came by bus.” (Transportation) He opened the door with a key. (Instrument or tool) Note: We use by + no article for communication and transportation. Examples: by phone, by radio, and by bus, by car ⮚ Accompaniment (with) I like spaghetti with white sauce. Mrs Thapa went to Pokhra with her husband Ganesh. ⮚ Purpose (for) He went to the...

A participle phrase connects two sentences with a common subject. When the two phrases do not share a common subject we call the participle phrase an illogical participle modifier. ⮚ Present participle (v + ing) Examples: Discussing, seeing, arresting ⮚  Perfect participle (having + v3) or (having + been + v3) Examples: having discussed having arrested having been apprehended etc. (A) Preposition / verb ing / not + v ing., sub + verb + ... Active Examples: After returning home, the lunch will be taken (incorrect) After returning home, he will take the lunch (correct) By working a ten hour day for four days, a long weekend can be enjoyed. (incorrect) By working a ten hour day for four days, we can enjoy a long weekend. (correct) Returning to her room, several pieces of jewelry were missing. (incorrect) Returning to her room, she found that several pieces of jewelry were missing. (correct) (B) (Not) hav...

An embedded question is included in a statement or another question. Here the word order is different from that of a typical question. ⮚ Sub + verb (phrase) +question word + sub + verb. Question: Where did he go? Embedded question: I don’t know where he went. Question: What is your name? Embedded question: She does not know what your name is. ⮚  Auxiliary + sub + verb + question word + sub + verb? Question: Where has he gone? Embedded question: Do you know where he has gone? Question: what did he say? Embedded question: Can you tell me what he said? ⮚  Statement/imperative+ yes/no question Statement /imperative + if/weather +S +v+...... Question: Can he solve this problem ? Embeded question: I want to know if he can solve this problem. Question: Has he left the train? Embeded Question : Do you know if he has left the train ? Note: (a) In embedded questions the auxiliary verb of the main question should be placed after the subject of the sentence. (b) There is no change i...

An adjective is a word used to qualify a noun or pronoun. Order of adjectives Adjectives can be arranged in the following order: (a/ an) + opinion → size  →  shape  →  age  →  colour  →  country  →  substance + NOUN Examples: a. a large, round table. b. an old, white, cotton shirt. Uses of some confusing indefinite adjectives: ⮚ Another a. another + singular noun (one more, an additional one) Example: I want to buy another flat. [I = one more flat] b. another + numeral adjective + plural noun Example: Where shall we be in another ten years? [= ten years from now] Note: Another is used in affirmative. But any other is used in Negative instead of another. ⮚  Other a. Other+plural nouns and non-count nouns (more of) Example: I need other pencils. [= some more pencils] I want other water. [= some more water] ⮚  The other the other + singular noun (last of the set) Example: He bought the other pencil. [= th...

Inversion means putting the verb before the subject to give an emphasis to the meaning of the sentence. Rule1: Negative adverbs + aux. + subj. + verb + Obj + … Example: Hardly had he come out of the car when the bomb exploded. Note: Negative adverbs include: Hardly ever, never, no sooner…., than, nor often, not only, only, only by, rarely scarcely ….. when, hardly ……. when, neither, seldom nor, nowhere, under no circumstance, etc. Rule 2: Place adverse + aux. + subj + verb + obj + …… OR Place adverb + main verb + subj + obj + …… Note: Place adverbs include; on a hill, in the valley Under the table, along the northern frontier, etc Example: a. Just outside the gate was standing a beggar b. Up went Mohan. Rule 3: To such an extent….+ aux.+ subj+ verb+ obj + … Example: To such an extent has he analyzed the poem that no problem is left. Also, Read our other Notes of English for Entrance Exams: Article Connectives Number Concord Tense Use Causative Verbs Conditional Sentence Voice Report...

Agreement and disagreement in English can be expressed by using so, too, also, either, neither, but, etc. Agreement 1. Affirmative Addition to Affirmative remark Affirmative statement (S+V+O), (and) + So + aux. pronoun OR Affirmative statement (S+V+O), (and)+subj+aux.+ too/also Examples: He lives in London, so does his friend. They will participate in the programme, their teachers also. 2. Negative Addition to Negative remarks Negative Statement (S+aux + n't+(v) + obj), (and) + neither/ nor + aux. + Pronoun OR Negative statement (S+aux. + n't (v) + obj), (and) + subj. aux. + n't + either Examples: a. He isn't back and neither is she. b. She can't speak French, he can't either. 3. Disagreement a. Affirmative Statement (S+V+O), but + subj + aux + n't. b. Negative statement (S + aux + n't + (V) + O), but + subj. + aux. Also, Read our other Notes of English for Entrance Exams: Article Connectives Number Concord Tense Use Causative Verbs Conditional Sentenc...

A sentence pattern deals with the different structural divisions of the sentence. There are four kinds of sentence Patterns. 1. Simple sentence: A simple sentence is one that has only one subject and only one finite verb. Examples: a. The Earth moves around the sun. b. Honesty is the best policy. 2. Compound Sentence: A compound sentence has two main clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions. (Main clause + Co-ordinating Conjunction + main Clauses). Example a. I am poor but I hate begging. b. The sun shone brightening and we could move on briskly. Note: Co-ordinating conjunction includes: and, but, as well as, for, so, still, yet, nevertheless, whereas, while, both ……. and, either ……. or, neither …. nor, not ….. but, not only ……. but also, Things to Remember: ⮚ Two clauses are joined by relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, where, when forming a compound sentence if the sentence is non-defining. Example: He is my uncle, who always enco...